Vagrant是一款用于构建及配置虚拟开发环境的软件，基于Ruby,主要以命令行的方式运行。
Vagrant作为最外层的虚拟软件，目的是帮助开发者更容易地与Providers互动。Vagrantfile记录Providers和Provisioners的相关信息。
Providers作为服务，帮助vagrant使用Boxes建立和创建虚拟环境。Vagrant提供的内嵌的Provider有 VirtualBox、Hyper-V、Docker、VMware，而AWS以插件形式提供支持。
1.安装 VirtualBox 和 安装 Vagrant，访问官方网站下载程序安装
VirtualBox官方网址: https://www.virtualbox.org/Vagrant官方网址: https://www.vagrantup.com/
2.下载Vagrant Boxes基本系统镜像- 访问 Discover Vagrant Boxes
https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
找到适用
virtualbox虚拟机的Debian 11镜像- https://app.vagrantup.com/debian/boxes/bullseye64
部署 debian/bullseye64 Vagrant box 两行命令就能自动部署完成了
vagrant init debian/bullseye64
vagrant up实际情况你懂的，所以我先在国外vps机器，先下载保存镜像
debian11.box, 下载离线镜像的wget -O debian11.box \ https://app.vagrantup.com/debian/boxes/bullseye64/versions/11.20210829.1/providers/virtualbox.box国内中科大镜像: Centos和Ubuntu系统的 Vagrant box 下载地址，适合国内网络部署
- https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos-cloud/centos/8/vagrant/x86_64/images/
- https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/vagrant/trusty/
3.使用 vagrant box add 建立本地镜像
vagrant box add debian D:\vagrant\debian11.box
# 基础镜像保存硬盘位置 C:\Users\vip\.vagrant.d\boxes\debian\0\virtualbox
PS C:\VPC\vagrant> vagrant box add --help
Usage: vagrant box add [options] <name, url, or path>
PS C:\VPC\vagrant> vagrant box add debian D:\vagrant\debian11.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'debian' (v0) for provider:
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///D:/vagrant/debian11.box
box:
==> box: Successfully added box 'debian' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!vagrant box list 查看镜像
PS C:\VPC\vagrant> vagrant box list
debian (virtualbox, 0)4.使用 vagrant up 建立虚拟机和启动虚拟机
- 先建立一个目录
C:\VPC\vagrant，在这个目录init 这个目录到时会自动挂载到虚拟机中，命令行进入这个目录
vagrant init debian vagrant up # 虚拟机磁盘保存硬盘位置 C:\Users\vip\VirtualBox VMs\vagrant_default_1632921757898_12141运行
vagrant up前先编辑Vagrantfile，开启config.vm.network "public_network"- 创建一个公共网络，它通常与桥接网络相匹配。
桥接网络使机器显示为网络上的另一个物理设备。
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network. # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on # your network. config.vm.network "public_network"
PS C:\VPC\vagrant> vagrant init debian A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on `vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant. vagrant.exe upvagrant status查看虚拟机运行状态;vagrant halt停止;vagrant up重启
PS C:\VPC\vagrant> vagrant status Current machine states: default running (virtualbox) The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again, simply run `vagrant up`. PS C:\VPC\vagrant> vagrant halt ==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...vagrant ssh登陆虚拟机，ip addr查看IP地址
vagrant ssh ip addr sudo -i # 切换到root5.添加证书方便使用
Xshell登陆root@bullseye:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 20G 856M 18G 5% / vagrant 112G 64G 48G 58% /vagrant # Windows系统中 vagrant 目录 挂载在虚拟机 /vagrant mkdir -p /root/.ssh cp /vagrant/authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys6.
vagrant reload重载虚机 和vagrant destroy删除虚机- 重载虚机: 执行下面的命令会重启虚机，并且重新加载
Vagrantfile中的配置信息 - 删除虚机: 最后，执行下面的命令可以彻底删除虚机，包括整个虚机文件
- PS. 执行
vagrant命令, 要在 包含Vagrantfile的目录执行
7. 国内Linux系统更换中科大软件源
sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unstable.list
apt update